20210805 11111500 1.0 TRUE 150000000 5000 INSPIRE HEAT+-based classification of indirect effects 2019-05-08T00:00:00 2020-01-13T00:00:00 eea_v_3035_20_km_heat-eutrophication_p_2006-2016_v01_r00 HEAT+ eutrophication indirect effects Europe seas marine Classification of indirect effects of eutrophication for marine waters all over Europe, based on HEAT+ tool. <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><DIV STYLE="font-size:12pt"><P><SPAN>Map shows classification of indirect effects of eutrophication for marine waters all over Europe, based on HEAT+ tool. Elevated concentrations of nutrients have direct effects, and these might subsequently lead to secondary (indirect) effects such as reduced depth distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation, changes in the structure and functioning of benthic invertebrate communities, and oxygen depletion. </SPAN></P><P><SPAN>Status is evaluated in five classes:</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>- NPAhigh and NPAgood are recognised as ‘non-problem areas’</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>- PAmoderate, PApoor and PAbad are recognised as ‘problem areas’</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>The assessment is based on available data from the Regional Sea Conventions and from Member States. </SPAN></P><P><SPAN>Data coverage for coastal waters is in general good for most parts of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. Data coverage is unsatisfactory for the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. In the North-East Atlantic Ocean data coverage is unsatisfactory for France, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Spain. </SPAN></P><P><SPAN>For open waters, data coverage is good in the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and in the Celtic Sea, as well as in the south-western parts of the Black Sea and for Portugal. Data coverage is unsatisfactory for the Mediterranean Sea and for the French and Spanish parts of the North-East Atlantic Ocean.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>More information can be found in the report 'Nutrient enrichment and eutrophication in Europe's seas': https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/nutrient-enrichment-and-eutrophication-in</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV> https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/catalogue/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/7c66cfd5-4246-4b9d-86af-624950aa49d4 <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA).</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV> The identification of 'problem areas' (areas affected by eutrophication) and 'non-problem areas' (areas unlikely to be affected by eutrophication) is based on the application of a multi-metric indicator-based eutrophication assessment tool named HEAT+. HEAT+ follows a stepwise approach ultimately resulting in an integrated assessment of eutrophication states: - Step 1: indicators are grouped as follows: (1) nutrient levels, (2) direct effects, and (3) indirect effects. - Step 2: for each indicator, a eutrophication ratio (ER) is calculated based on monitoring data from the period addressed as well as a target value: ER = indicator value/target value (1). - Step 3: within groups, an average ER is calculated. - Step 4: for each group, eutrophication status is classified in five classes based on the average group-specific ER, e.g. high: 0-0.5; good: 0.5-1.0; moderate: 1.0-1.5; poor: 1.5-2.0, bad: > 2.0, where high and good are equivalent to non-problem areas and moderate, poor and bad are equivalent to problem areas. - Step 5: the classifications are integrated, combining groups based on the 'one out, all out' principle. 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